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Manila is the political and economic focal point of the Philippines, and it serves as a honey-pot for people from all over the country. For most visitors from North America or Australia, this mega-city does not seem to merit more than a few days’ visit, after which the tranquility of the provinces may seem all that much more attractive. Although a trip to Manila can be taxing, it nevertheless gives the tourist important insights into the culture, history and politics of this island republic, insights that stem from its very wealth of contradictions.

In the sights of foreign conquerors
Natives who settled at the mouth of the Pasig River in Manila have seen a great many rulers come and go. The first to come were the Malaysians, who arrived in the Philippines during the pre-Christian era. Hindu and Buddhist leaders from Indonesia followed. Islam got to Manila at the end of the fifteenth century. The Muslim reign established in the mid-sixteenth century had been in existence for barely a decade when Spanish Catholic seafarers appeared on the horizon.

Colonial Manila
Miguel de Legaspi conquered Manila in 1571, declaring it to be the capital of the Spanish colony of the Philippines. Despite the ravages of World War Two, when Manila was heavily bombed, traces of the city’s colonial past are still in evidence, particularly in the Intramuros district. Intramuros, literally “within the walls”, meaning within the wall enclosure of the city/fortress. The city centre, with its partially restored wall , is the site of a number of sixteenth-century buildings including Fort Santiago, Manila Cathedral and the church of San Augustin, the oldest in the city.

At the centre of power
The heart of Manila is now elsewhere, in Makati, the modern commercial and banking quarter. Elegant high rises, gorgeous residential groves, super-modern shopping centres and numerous international hotels can be found there. The modern development of this quarter began in the mid-twentieth century. Like much of the development in Manila, Makati is closely connected to the politically powerful Zobel de Ayala family. The family name is found throughout the city, on streets, buildings and public monuments.

They come here not only to pray
Pasay City is located in the south-west of Manila across the superhighway from high-class Makati. On Wednesdays, Pasay is overrun with people. In Baclaran, the faithful crowd into Redemption Church, where weekly services are held in honour of the Virgin Mary. But one suspects that even more Manilans make their way to Pasay in order to patronize the neighbourhood’s famous lech6n stands, known to be the best source of that quintessential Philippine specialty, roast suckling pig.

A bit of folk culture
Throughout Manila, a light rail station is never far away. If your stomach is complaining after a feast of suckling pig, a gentle ride on this elevated railway is highly recommended. The trip back to town can also be made by Jeepney, of course, though it will be slower and more crowded.

Jeepneys were originally former United States Army jeeps that had been converted into passenger vehicles with as many as fourteen canopied seats. These days, however, most Jeepneys come fresh from the factory. Skillful painting and ornamentation are a prerequisite for genuine Jeepney status. Most have Catholic religious figures as their central theme, but they may include lighthearted comic strip images.

Many Jeepneys are so thoroughly covered in advertising that they resemble moving billboards, while others looks like temples on wheels. What’s important for visitors to remember, however, is that Jeepneys follow specific routes, just like buses. It is always best to inquire about the route before getting on board.

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Did you know that ‘Goal Setting’ is the secret to fulfilling ANY dream or desire you want in life? In many sales training courses goal setting is ignored.

Did you also know that SUPER Successful sales people use ‘Goals’ to attain the knowledge and wealth and sales success they have today?

Some of you reading this right now might agree and some of you might not. That decision is yours to make.

The reason people find it too hard to achieve their goals is simple because they’ve set their Long-Term goals before setting Short-Term ones, or they just didn’t plan their goals out carefully.

Goal setting strategies are VERY important, especially for those who want to achieve Long-Term goals.

Well, your in luck because I’m going to share five ‘Goal Setting’ techniques to help you realize your TRUE goals today.

Your only requirement is to keep an open mind.

So, with that said, lets go to Technique #1.

Technique #1. Start with Short-Term goals.

Sometimes, people start with short-term goals unconsciously.

Why unconsciously?

Some of them may have considered the goals to be long-term at the time they planned them; and after achieving a goal, they realize that they are in fact, looking forward to a longer one.

Some are contented with their short-term goals, but after a while will realize that they also need to attain long-term ones.

Short-term goals seem to be our starting point for our Long Term ones.

They also motivate the person to plan for longer goals, which will usually take some time before achieving them in full.

Technique #2. Make sure you really want the goal.

By this, you have to ask yourself: “Do I really want this goal and will this goal give me a better life?”

Answering this ONE question will give you more passion and motivation to achieve your goal.

Some people often recall their past to find out Why and How they came up with such goal.

Technique #3. Speak up.

What I mean by this is you shouldn’t keep your goals to yourself only. By sharing your goals with other people it’ll help you get the support you may need in order to fulfill them.

The problem that usually occurs though is some people are just too shy to tell others about their goals for reasons like they are afraid they cannot achieve them in the end, or they lack the courage to speak their minds.

This is not a good habit to get into because when the time comes that you really need their support, you will have a difficult time getting it.

You’ll then be left to achieve your goals all by yourself.

Don’t make this mistake.

Technique #4. Write down your goals.

This strategy is critical and more advisable for those who have a long list of goals.

After writing them down in as much detail, it is advisable that you review them on a daily to weekly basis because this will encourage and motivate you to achieving them, plus, this will also keep that vision of your goal alive.

Technique #5. Stay on track and never give up.

Reviewing notes will help open your mind to see if you are on the right track. While on track, you may have to face challenges that might change your personality.

A person who is overconfident might suddenly feel depressed after finding out that he is going the wrong way in achieving his goal.

Thus this might lead to abandoning the goal. Never be discouraged. Facing obstacles is a test on how passionate one is to realizing his or her goals.

There you have it. Give those a try and keep a visual picture in your mind everyday of you fulfilling that goal you desire so much.

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Time management is an area of business management often overlooked or ignored. We all know someone in small business who races around like a madman all day, never enough hours in a day, all they do is rush and get worked up – maybe this person is you!

At the end of the day, when the dust settles, what have you achieved? Do you review the day and wonder “what happened to the day, I didn’t get as much done as I thought I would”. If this sounds familiar, then you may have an organisational and time management problem.

Successful people never seem to rush, they remain composed and unflustered. The difference between them and everybody else is they have mastered time management.

What is time management? It is simply allocating time in your day in an organised and efficient way. Before we can really understand how to time manage our day, we must ask ourselves what are we trying to achieve today, this week, this year and possibly ten years from now. This is “Goal setting”.

The best way in my opinion to achieve goals is to write them down. You should review these goals from time to time to ensure that they are relevant and achievable but not so achievable that you don’t have to try hard to achieve them otherwise what is the purpose of the goals in the first place?

At the start of each working year you should sit down and think about what you want to achieve this year, it could be that you want to increase your profits by 20%, you may want to move into larger premises, you may want to reduce your debt substantially. At the start of each working week you should write down on a note pad or in your diary the major jobs that need to be done this week, and review them each day to ensure you’re making progress and hopefully mark some of the tasks off the list.

You should keep the list on your desk or in a place where you will be constantly reminded what needs to be done this week. This list should be in order of priority so that the most important tasks at the top of the list get done first. Anything not achieved this week will be carried forward next week on a higher priority, this will ensure it gets done.

The next thing you should be doing is having a daily list of jobs to do. This will help keep you on track each day. Again, this list should be displayed where you can constantly refer to it and mark off the jobs completed. Marking off the jobs will give you a sense of achievement and let you know how you are progressing through the day. Always stick to the list where possible and keep working from high priority to low priority.

I know things can come up through the day that can throw the whole day out, but you must either deal with the crisis and return to your list or if the new task isn’t as important as some of the jobs on the list put it at the bottom of the list and continue doing what you were doing.

Every task you have to do should be written down for a couple of reasons. Firstly, so you don’t forget to do it and secondly, so you keep your day organised and you achieve your daily goals.

Beware starting jobs and not finishing them. This will turn tomorrow into a mess of half finished jobs and will cause “list blowout”. You will end up with a list a mile long and you will give up in despair and revert back to old habits of being in confusion all day and achieving nothing.

Remember each day you achieve your goals and tick off everything on your list, you get a little closer to achieving your weekly and ultimately your yearly and long term goals.
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Accessories can be defined as, clothing that is worn and carried , but not the part of the main clothing; which is a supplementary component.

Fashion accessories are decorative items, such as watches, sunglasses, jewelry, gloves, handbags, hats, and belts. Accessories do not only add style and color to an outfit, but they also have practical uses for specific purposes, such as, people use handbags to carry goods, gloves to keep hands warm, mobile covers to protect mobile phones from dust etc.

Leather fashion accessories, ranging from handbags to gloves have been popular for thousand of years for its soft feel and elegant look. Leather was readily available in use, as it resulted in the by-product of hunting. Leather fashion accessories are valued for their appeal and durability.

The leather industry is one of the oldest industries. In prehistoric times, our ancestors used skins of animals to satisfy their basic needs, protect their hands, body and feet.

History of Leather
Leather goods and its fashion accessories have a long history, which started since the Egyptian era. It was the Egyptian men, who were wearing leather pouches and handbags to store their essential bits and pieces needed in their daily life.

In the 1200 B.C., the Greeks were using leather accessories and garments at the time of Homeric heroes, later the use of leather spread throughout the Roman Empire.
Women in the 16th century were carrying ‘sweet bags’, full of perfume and herbs to help cope with tainted smell and men began to wear leather garments with small pockets in them.

The 17th century took a step forward for innovation in leather accessories, men developed modern handbags out of purses and pouches. Handbags were being carrying by both men and women and women handbags were well decorated and hand-stitched.

In the 18th century, using pockets in clothes were very popular among the people; sometimes extremely big pockets were used with the outfit, which in turn began to ruin the very outline of the clothes.

So the plain leather and embroidered handbags become very popular in the 19th Century. The leather handbags manufacturer started to manufacture stylish bags in different sizes and colors; they began to be more fashionable.

The 20th Century, gave birth to several other leather accessories like jackets, key rings etc., along with the leather handbags and women started to use them so often that they became a integral part of style.

When fashion magazines started featuring leather fashion accessories, it helped the leather to be widely popular. Nearly all of the major fashion houses like Prada, Gucci, Dolce & Gabbana, Giorgio Armani, and Versace have come up with their innovative design and stylish look for the leather fashion accessories.

Manufacturing of Leather
Manufacturing leather out of skin is not a single process; it is a combination of four major operations:

• Beamhouse Operations: It is a process of removal of unwanted materials from the hide, such as hair, fleshy tissues etc.
• Tanning: It converts collagen protein of the hide into a stable material, which would be stable under heat and moisture.
• Post Tanning: In the Post Tanning process, leather goes through Neutralize, Dyeing, Drying and Stacking.
• Finishing: It is a process of applying coating on the surface of leather that makes leather more durable, masks defects, improve water resistance and enhance color and appearance.

Resources
Most of leather used today is a by-product of beef industry. Almost 50% of this leather is used to produce shoes, 25% to make clothing, 15% for upholstery and the rest is used to produce accessories.

Fashion leather accessories manufactured by the skin of other animals and reptiles, such as, crocodile, snake, lamb, kangaroo, buffalo and deer are very popular but often limited and protested by Animal Rights Activists and
Organizations.

Conclusion
Now a day’s people prefer accessories made out of leather to those made of artificial materials like Pyroxylin Coated Fabrics. The overwhelming popularity of fashion accessories made of leather is because of its ability to shape it into an uneven look, better durability as compared to the other fabrics and warm feeling.

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